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Exercise Zapad-99 : ウィキペディア英語版 | Exercise Zapad-99
Exercise Zapad-99 (West-99) was a large scale military exercise; it was carried out in June 1999 and its results forced Russia to adapt a new defense concept ((Russia's National Security Concept, 2000 )). The exercise showed that conventional Russian armed forces could not repel a NATO offensive, this in turn increased the tolerance for use of tactical nuclear weapons. Apart from nuclear controversy exercise Zapad-99 also sparked international tensions when US fighters intercepted Russian bombers allegedly in violation of Icelandic and Norwegian airspace. Further reading: ((Kipp, 2001 )) == Zapad-09 ==
Zapad-09 took place in September 2009. It involved a simulated nuclear attack against Poland and the suppression of an uprising by a Polish minority in Belarus, along with other operations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Intel Brief: Poland On Edge Over Russian Drills )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Exercise Zapad-99」の詳細全文を読む
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